The Colt Navy 1851 is a legendary firearm, a symbol of the Wild West and a significant piece of American history. However, understanding its caliber and how it relates (or doesn't relate) to the modern .38 Special requires clarifying some common misconceptions. This article will delve into the specifics of the 1851 Colt Navy's original caliber and dispel the myth of its direct compatibility with the .38 Special.
The 1851 Colt Navy: A Black Powder Classic
The Colt Navy 1851 revolver, produced from 1851 to 1873, was a significant leap forward in percussion cap revolver technology. Its .36 caliber round ball ammunition, fired from a six-shot cylinder, provided a formidable advantage in the era of black powder weaponry. This wasn't just a gun; it was a status symbol, often seen in the hands of military officers, lawmen, and wealthy civilians. Its relatively lightweight design and manageable recoil made it a popular choice for both cavalry and civilian use.
Key Features of the 1851 Colt Navy:
- Caliber: .36 caliber (though variations exist)
- Ammunition: Black powder and lead round ball
- Action: Single-action percussion cap
- Cylinder: Six-shot revolving cylinder
- Material: Primarily cast brass frame
The .38 Special: A Modern Cartridge
The .38 Special, on the other hand, is a centerfire smokeless powder cartridge developed much later, in the late 19th century. It's a vastly different animal compared to the black powder ammunition used in the 1851 Colt Navy. Its design incorporates a self-contained cartridge with its own primer, propellant, and projectile – a significant departure from the loose powder and separate percussion cap system of the older revolver.
Key Features of the .38 Special:
- Caliber: .38 inch (approximately 9.65 mm)
- Ammunition: Self-contained cartridge with smokeless powder
- Action: Used in various revolvers and semi-automatic pistols with both single and double-action mechanisms
- Modern Usage: Still a popular choice for self-defense and target shooting
The Myth of Compatibility: Why You Can't Shoot .38 Special in an 1851 Colt Navy
The crucial difference between the two lies in the fundamental design of their ammunition. Attempting to fire a .38 Special cartridge in an 1851 Colt Navy revolver would be incredibly dangerous and likely catastrophic. The .38 Special cartridge is significantly larger in diameter and pressure than the .36 caliber round ball used in the 1851 Colt Navy. The consequences could include:
- Cylinder rupture: The increased pressure from the .38 Special could cause the cylinder to burst, potentially leading to serious injury or death.
- Barrel damage: The larger diameter bullet could damage or destroy the barrel.
- Revolver destruction: The entire revolver could be severely damaged or rendered unusable.
In short: Never attempt to fire modern ammunition in an antique firearm.
Conclusion: Respecting History & Safety
The 1851 Colt Navy and the .38 Special represent distinct eras in firearm technology. While both are iconic in their own right, they are fundamentally incompatible. Understanding the differences in their designs and ammunition is crucial for safe handling and responsible firearm ownership. Always research the specific ammunition requirements for any firearm before handling or firing it, and prioritize safety above all else. If you own an antique firearm like the 1851 Colt Navy, consult with a qualified gunsmith regarding proper maintenance and the use of appropriate black powder ammunition.
