Choosing between the venerable .22 Long Rifle (.22 LR) and the more modern .17 HMR can feel like choosing between a classic car and a sports car – both are fun, but offer very different experiences. This in-depth comparison will help you decide which rimfire cartridge best suits your needs.
Caliber, Velocity, and Energy: The Core Differences
The most significant differences lie in the caliber, muzzle velocity, and resulting energy.
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.22 LR: This cartridge is a century-old stalwart known for its affordability, low recoil, and widespread availability. It boasts a .224 inch (5.6mm) diameter bullet, typically achieving velocities between 1000 and 1200 feet per second (fps) depending on the ammunition. Its energy is relatively modest, making it suitable for small game and target shooting.
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.17 HMR: The .17 HMR (.17 Hornet Magnum) is a newer high-velocity rimfire cartridge. Its smaller .172 inch (4.37mm) diameter bullet significantly increases velocity, reaching speeds of 2500 fps or more. This translates to substantially higher energy levels, making it effective against varmints and small game at longer ranges.
| Feature | .22 LR | .17 HMR |
|---|---|---|
| Caliber | .224 inch (5.6mm) | .172 inch (4.37mm) |
| Velocity (fps) | 1000-1200 | 2500+ |
| Energy (ft-lbs) | Relatively Low | Significantly Higher |
| Recoil | Very Low | Low to Moderate |
| Cost | Very Affordable | More Expensive |
Ballistics and Practical Applications
The differences in velocity and energy directly impact practical applications:
Range and Accuracy:
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.22 LR: Accuracy is excellent at shorter ranges (under 50 yards), but wind drift and bullet drop become more significant at longer distances.
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.17 HMR: The higher velocity translates to flatter trajectory and less wind drift, extending effective range considerably (up to 150 yards for experienced shooters). Accuracy is also generally excellent, though ammunition consistency can impact precision at longer ranges.
Hunting and Pest Control:
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.22 LR: Suitable for small game like rabbits and squirrels at close ranges. Its relatively low energy necessitates accurate headshots for humane and effective hunting.
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.17 HMR: More effective for varmints like groundhogs, prairie dogs, and even coyotes (depending on shot placement and range). Its higher energy delivers a more decisive kill, even on smaller game at longer distances.
Target Shooting:
Both cartridges are excellent for target shooting. The .22 LR's affordability makes it ideal for high-volume practice, while the .17 HMR offers a greater challenge and a more precise experience.
Ammunition Considerations
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.22 LR: Extremely affordable and readily available in various bullet weights and types (hollow point, solid point, subsonic, etc.).
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.17 HMR: More expensive than .22 LR ammunition, and though readily available, may not be as widely stocked in smaller stores.
Conclusion: Which Cartridge is Right for You?
The "better" cartridge depends entirely on your needs and priorities.
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Choose .22 LR if: You prioritize affordability, low recoil, and readily available ammunition. You primarily plan on target shooting at close ranges or hunting small game within 50 yards.
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Choose .17 HMR if: You need a higher-velocity cartridge for longer ranges, improved accuracy, and effective varmint control. You are willing to pay a premium for superior performance.
Ultimately, both the .22 LR and .17 HMR offer unique advantages and can provide years of enjoyable shooting. Careful consideration of your shooting goals will lead you to the perfect choice.
