45-70 Government: A Comprehensive Guide to Reloading
The .45-70 Government cartridge, a venerable round with a rich history, continues to captivate shooters and reloaders alike. Its power and versatility make it ideal for hunting large game, target shooting, and even Cowboy Action Shooting. However, reloading .45-70 can present unique challenges compared to other cartridges. This guide delves into the intricacies of reloading this powerful round, offering a comprehensive overview for both beginners and experienced reloaders.
Understanding the .45-70 Cartridge:
Before diving into the reloading process, understanding the nuances of the .45-70 is crucial. This cartridge boasts significant stopping power due to its large diameter and heavy bullet weight. However, its older design necessitates careful attention to case preparation and pressure considerations.
- Case Head Separation: This is a common issue with older .45-70 cases. Inspect each case thoroughly for cracks or weaknesses before reloading.
- Case Length Variations: Older military cases may have varying lengths. Consistent case length is paramount for reliable feeding and consistent pressures. Trimming is often necessary.
- Bullet Selection: A wide range of bullets are available, from heavy hunting bullets to lighter target bullets. Choosing the right bullet for your intended purpose is vital.
- Powder Selection: Specific powders are better suited for the .45-70 than others. Research and select powders with a proven track record in this cartridge. Avoid using too slow a powder.
- Pressure: The .45-70 can generate high pressures, especially with heavier bullets. Careful attention to reloading data is absolutely essential to avoid dangerous over-pressures.
Reloading Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
The following steps outline the reloading process. Always refer to your specific reloading manual for precise load data relevant to your components.
1. Case Preparation:
- Cleaning: Thoroughly clean and inspect cases for damage.
- Deburring: Remove any burrs or imperfections from the case mouth and flash hole.
- Sizing: Size cases to the correct dimensions using a suitable die. Full-length sizing is generally recommended for older cases.
- Trimming: Trim cases to a uniform length to ensure consistent performance and prevent feeding issues.
- Primer Pocket Cleaning: Clean primer pockets to ensure consistent primer seating.
2. Powder Charging:
- Powder Measure: Use a reliable powder measure to dispense the correct powder charge for your chosen load.
- Double-Checking: Always double-check your powder charge before seating a bullet. This is crucial for safety.
- Powder Type: Carefully select a powder appropriate for the bullet weight and intended use.
3. Bullet Seating:
- Bullet Selection: Choose bullets appropriate for your hunting or target shooting needs.
- Seating Depth: Seat bullets to the recommended depth according to your reloading data.
- Crimping: Crimp the bullet to securely hold it in place.
4. Primer Seating:
- Primer Type: Use the correct type of primer for your ammunition.
- Seating Depth: Seat primers correctly to ensure proper ignition.
5. Final Inspection:
- Visual Inspection: Carefully inspect each round for any imperfections or inconsistencies.
- Weight Check: Weigh each loaded round to ensure consistent powder charges. Variations may indicate a problem with your powder measure.
Choosing Your Components:
The success of your reloading efforts depends heavily on choosing high-quality components:
- Cases: Select new cases whenever possible. If using once-fired cases, inspect them carefully for any signs of damage.
- Bullets: Choose bullets that match your intended application and load data. Consider bullet weight, material (lead, jacketed, etc.), and design.
- Powder: Select a powder that is known to perform well in the .45-70 and is suitable for your chosen bullet weight. Consult reloading manuals and online resources for recommendations.
- Primers: Select primers appropriate for the powder you're using. Large rifle primers are generally recommended for .45-70.
Safety First!
Reloading is a rewarding hobby, but safety must always be the paramount concern. Always follow these safety guidelines:
- Read Your Reloading Manual: Follow the instructions precisely and never deviate from recommended load data.
- Wear Safety Glasses: Protect your eyes from potential hazards.
- Work in a Well-Ventilated Area: Avoid inhaling gunpowder fumes.
- Proper Storage: Store ammunition safely and securely.
This comprehensive guide provides a strong foundation for reloading the .45-70 Government cartridge. Remember, meticulous attention to detail, careful adherence to reloading data, and a commitment to safety are essential for success. Always consult multiple reputable reloading manuals before undertaking this endeavor. Happy reloading!
