The .45-70 Government cartridge, a venerable round with a rich history, is often debated for its suitability in modern deer hunting. While not the most popular choice among deer hunters, it possesses characteristics that make it a viable, and for some, preferred option. This guide will delve into the pros and cons of using a .45-70 for deer hunting, helping you determine if it's the right caliber for you.
The .45-70's Strengths in Deer Hunting
The .45-70 shines in several areas relevant to deer hunting:
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Stopping Power: This is arguably the .45-70's biggest asset. Its large diameter bullet and substantial weight deliver significant energy upon impact, resulting in excellent stopping power. A well-placed shot with a suitable bullet will quickly incapacitate even larger deer. This translates to a cleaner, more ethical kill.
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Trajectory: The .45-70's trajectory, while not flat, is predictable and manageable with proper sighting-in. This means you'll have a better understanding of bullet drop at longer ranges compared to some flatter-shooting cartridges.
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Bullet Selection: Hunters have access to a wide variety of bullet types, weights, and designs in .45-70. This allows for customization based on hunting conditions, personal preference, and game size. Options range from hard-cast lead bullets for deep penetration to softer lead-core bullets for expansion and better tissue damage.
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Robustness: The .45-70 is a rugged cartridge, known for its reliability in various firearms. It's a great choice for hunters who appreciate strong, dependable firearms.
Considerations and Potential Drawbacks
While the .45-70 offers significant advantages, it's essential to acknowledge some drawbacks:
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Recoil: The substantial recoil is a significant factor. Hunters new to the caliber or those with sensitivity to recoil might find the .45-70 uncomfortable to shoot, potentially affecting accuracy and shot placement.
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Cost: Ammunition for the .45-70 can be more expensive than some more popular deer hunting calibers.
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Overkill: For some hunters, the .45-70's power might be considered overkill for deer. The potential for excessive damage to the meat can be a concern.
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Accuracy at Longer Ranges: Although manageable, the trajectory isn't as flat as some modern calibers. Accuracy at longer ranges will require precise shot placement and understanding of bullet drop.
Choosing the Right Load for Deer Hunting
Selecting the proper ammunition is crucial for success and ethical hunting. Consider these factors:
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Bullet Weight and Type: Heavier bullets (300-405 grains) offer more penetration, while lighter bullets prioritize expansion for better tissue damage. Hard-cast bullets are known for deep penetration but may not expand as readily.
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Muzzle Energy: Higher muzzle energy leads to greater stopping power.
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Velocity: While velocity is important, it's secondary to proper bullet selection and placement.
Always consult ballistics data specific to your firearm and ammunition to make informed decisions about shot placement and range.
Conclusion: Is the .45-70 Right for You?
The .45-70 Government cartridge can be an effective and powerful choice for deer hunting, especially in situations requiring exceptional stopping power. However, its significant recoil and potential for meat damage should be considered. Ultimately, the decision depends on your individual experience, hunting style, and comfort level with recoil. If you value stopping power and appreciate the history and robustness of the cartridge, the .45-70 might be the perfect choice for your next deer hunting trip. But if recoil sensitivity or cost is a major factor, other calibers might be more suitable.
