Choosing the right cartridge for hunting or self-defense is a crucial decision, demanding careful consideration of various factors. This in-depth comparison of the venerable .45-70 Government and the more modern .450 Bushmaster aims to provide a clear understanding of their strengths and weaknesses, helping you make an informed choice.
Ballistics and Performance: A Head-to-Head Analysis
The .45-70 Government and the .450 Bushmaster both pack a significant punch, but their performance characteristics differ considerably.
.45-70 Government:
- History and Legacy: A cartridge steeped in history, dating back to 1873, the .45-70 has a proven track record in hunting large game. Its robust design and readily available ammunition make it a reliable choice.
- Velocity and Energy: Generally lower velocity compared to the .450 Bushmaster, resulting in slightly less energy at longer ranges. However, heavier bullets compensate for this, delivering substantial stopping power at closer ranges.
- Recoil: Significant recoil, especially in lighter rifles. This can impact accuracy and shooter fatigue, especially during extended shooting sessions.
- Bullet Weight and Selection: Offers a wide range of bullet weights, from light to heavy, allowing for versatility in hunting applications. This makes it adaptable for different game sizes and hunting styles.
.450 Bushmaster:
- Modern Design: A relatively newer cartridge specifically designed for short-barreled rifles and carbines, emphasizing power at shorter ranges.
- Velocity and Energy: Higher velocity compared to the .45-70, resulting in greater energy, especially at closer to medium ranges. This translates to more effective knockdown power on game animals.
- Recoil: While still substantial, recoil is generally considered less than the .45-70 in comparable firearms. This makes it potentially more comfortable for sustained shooting.
- Bullet Weight and Selection: Typically features heavier bullets compared to the .45-70, contributing to its significant stopping power. However, the bullet selection is less diverse than the older cartridge.
Applications and Use Cases: Where Each Cartridge Excels
The best cartridge for you ultimately depends on your intended use.
.45-70 Government:
- Ideal For: Hunting large game animals like deer, elk, and bear at closer ranges, particularly where heavy bullet penetration is crucial. It's also a popular choice for black powder enthusiasts.
- Not Ideal For: Long-range shooting due to its lower velocity and trajectory. Also unsuitable for applications requiring rapid follow-up shots due to significant recoil.
.450 Bushmaster:
- Ideal For: Hunting medium to large game animals at closer to medium ranges where stopping power is paramount. Its shorter barrel length is advantageous for maneuverability in dense environments. The comparatively lower recoil makes rapid follow-up shots more feasible.
- Not Ideal For: Long-range hunting due to its trajectory. Its availability might be slightly more limited than the .45-70 in some regions.
Ammunition Availability and Cost: A Practical Consideration
Ammunition availability is a key factor in choosing a cartridge. The .45-70 Government boasts wider availability and often comes at a lower cost, due to its extensive history and established popularity. While .450 Bushmaster ammunition is readily available, it might be slightly more expensive.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
The .45-70 Government and the .450 Bushmaster are both powerful cartridges, but their strengths lie in different areas. The .45-70 shines with its historical legacy, heavy bullet options, and widespread availability, making it ideal for hunting large game at close ranges. The .450 Bushmaster, with its higher velocity and manageable recoil, is better suited for shorter-range hunting and situations demanding quick follow-up shots. Consider your specific hunting needs, shooting experience, and budget when making your decision. Ultimately, the best cartridge is the one that best meets your requirements.
