Choosing between the colossal .500 S&W Magnum and the historic .45-70 Government isn't a simple matter of picking the bigger number. Both cartridges boast impressive stopping power, but their strengths lie in different areas, making the "better" choice heavily dependent on intended use. This detailed comparison will explore the key differences, helping you decide which powerful round best suits your needs.
Ballistics: Raw Power and Practicality
The .500 S&W Magnum undeniably packs a heavier punch in terms of raw energy. Its significantly larger diameter and heavier bullets translate to dramatically higher muzzle energy and a flatter trajectory at shorter ranges. This makes it a formidable choice for dangerous game hunting, where immediate incapacitation is paramount.
However, the .45-70 Government, while delivering less raw power, offers advantages in practical application. Its heavier bullets retain energy better over longer distances, making it a more suitable choice for hunting larger game at extended ranges. The .45-70's availability in a wider variety of bullet weights and designs also provides greater versatility for various hunting scenarios.
| Feature | .500 S&W Magnum | .45-70 Government |
|---|---|---|
| Caliber | .500 inches (12.7 mm) | .458 inches (11.6 mm) |
| Muzzle Energy | Significantly Higher | Lower |
| Recoil | Extremely High | High |
| Effective Range | Shorter | Longer |
| Bullet Weight | Typically heavier, but limited options | Wider range of bullet weights available |
Recoil: A Significant Factor
Let's be blunt: both cartridges kick like mules. The .500 S&W Magnum's recoil is legendary, often described as brutal and requiring significant upper body strength and proper shooting technique to manage. This intense recoil can lead to fatigue and reduced accuracy during extended shooting sessions.
The .45-70 Government, while still possessing substantial recoil, is generally considered more manageable, particularly with lighter recoiling loads. However, even with manageable recoil, proper shooting technique and a well-fitted firearm are crucial for safe and effective use of both cartridges.
Weaponry: Handguns vs. Rifles & Availability
The .500 S&W Magnum is almost exclusively chambered in large-frame revolvers. This limits its application and requires substantial investment in both the firearm and the often-expensive ammunition.
The .45-70 Government, on the other hand, enjoys broader firearm availability. It's chambered in lever-action rifles, single-shot rifles, and even some modern bolt-action rifles, offering greater versatility in terms of weapon platform and shooting style. Ammunition for the .45-70 is also generally more readily available and often more affordable than .500 S&W Magnum.
Conclusion: The Right Tool for the Job
The choice between the .500 S&W Magnum and the .45-70 Government hinges entirely on your intended application and personal preferences. The .500 S&W Magnum offers unmatched stopping power at close ranges, but its intense recoil and limited weapon choices make it less versatile. The .45-70 Government provides a powerful, yet more manageable recoil, greater range, and wider firearm and ammunition selection, making it a stronger contender for long-range hunting and various shooting applications. Ultimately, the "better" cartridge depends entirely on the shooter's needs and experience.
