Building your own AR-15 rifle can be a rewarding experience, offering customization and a deeper understanding of your firearm. This guide focuses on the crucial components included in a complete AR-15 upper and parts kit—everything except the lower receiver, which requires separate purchase and registration due to its classification as a firearm.
What's Included in an AR-15 Upper and Parts Kit?
An AR-15 kit typically includes all the parts necessary to assemble the upper receiver of your rifle. This excludes the lower receiver, buffer tube assembly, and stock. These kits provide significant cost savings compared to buying each part individually and ensure compatibility between components. Here’s a breakdown of what you can expect:
Essential Components:
- Upper Receiver: The foundation of the upper assembly, housing the bolt carrier group and other internal components. Look for forged 7075-T6 aluminum for superior strength and durability.
- Bolt Carrier Group (BCG): A critical component containing the bolt, carrier, and firing pin. Choose a reputable manufacturer like BCM, Toolcraft, or JP Enterprises for reliable performance. Consider the type of BCG (e.g., standard, nickel boron coated for smoother operation).
- Charging Handle: Used to manually cycle the bolt and chamber a round. Ambidextrous charging handles offer increased convenience for both left and right-handed shooters.
- Barrel: The barrel is arguably the most important component, influencing accuracy and overall performance. Consider barrel length (16 inches is a common choice, but various lengths are available), material (chrome-lined or nitride-treated for durability), and twist rate (influences bullet stability).
- Gas System: This includes the gas tube and gas block, responsible for cycling the action. Different gas systems (e.g., direct impingement, piston-driven) offer varying degrees of cleanliness and reliability.
- Handguard: Protects the barrel and gas system while providing a mounting point for accessories like lights and lasers. Options abound, from lightweight M-LOK systems to heavier, more robust quad rails.
- Muzzle Device: This component mounts to the end of the barrel and can include flash hiders, compensators, or suppressors (requiring legal compliance and registration). The muzzle device will affect the recoil and sound signature of your weapon.
- Forward Assist: This helps ensure reliable chambering of rounds, particularly in adverse conditions.
- Ejection Port Cover: Protects the ejection port from debris.
Optional Components (Often Included in Higher-End Kits):
- Dust Cover: A small cover protecting the ejection port when not in use.
- Rear Sight: Often a flip-up sight for ease of use and storage. While some kits omit the rear sight to cater for optics use, many higher-end kits will include a rear sight.
- BCG Cam Pin: Some kits include this essential part, but it's not always a given.
Choosing the Right Kit: Factors to Consider
Selecting the right AR-15 kit requires careful consideration of your needs and budget. Here are some crucial factors to keep in mind:
- Budget: Kits range significantly in price, depending on the quality and brand of the components.
- Intended Use: The intended use (e.g., home defense, target shooting, hunting) influences the choice of barrel length, handguard, and other components.
- Brand Reputation: Opt for reputable manufacturers known for quality and reliability.
- Compatibility: Ensure all components are compatible with each other and your chosen lower receiver.
Building Your AR-15: A Word of Caution
Building your own AR-15 requires attention to detail and a thorough understanding of firearm assembly. Consult detailed guides and videos if you are unfamiliar with the process. Improper assembly can lead to malfunctions or even dangerous situations. Always prioritize safety and follow all applicable laws and regulations.
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of AR-15 kits excluding the lower receiver. Remember to research thoroughly, choose high-quality components, and build responsibly. The satisfaction of building your own AR-15 is considerable, but only if approached with the necessary respect for firearm safety and legal compliance.
