The question, "Can ammo go bad?" is a common one among firearms enthusiasts and responsible gun owners. The simple answer is yes, ammunition can degrade over time, although the rate of degradation depends on several factors. Understanding these factors and implementing proper storage techniques is crucial for maintaining the reliability and safety of your ammunition. This guide will explore the intricacies of ammunition degradation, offering insights into shelf life, storage best practices, and what to look for when assessing the condition of your ammo.
Factors Affecting Ammunition Shelf Life
Several factors influence how quickly ammunition deteriorates. These include:
1. Ammunition Type:
- Centerfire rifle ammunition: Generally considered to have a longer shelf life than other types due to the robust construction of its casing and its less-sensitive primers.
- Centerfire pistol ammunition: Similar to rifle ammunition but potentially slightly shorter shelf life depending on the specific cartridge and manufacturing quality.
- Rimfire ammunition: Known for having a shorter shelf life compared to centerfire ammunition. The rimfire primer is more susceptible to degradation due to its exposure and the use of less stable primer compounds. This makes rimfire ammunition more vulnerable to moisture and temperature fluctuations.
- Black powder ammunition: This type of ammunition has a significantly shorter shelf life than modern smokeless powder ammunition. Black powder absorbs moisture readily and can become unsafe to use over time.
2. Storage Conditions:
- Temperature: Extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, accelerate the degradation process. Ideally, ammunition should be stored in a cool, dry environment.
- Humidity: Moisture is the biggest enemy of ammunition. High humidity can cause corrosion of the casing, primer degradation, and powder deterioration. Properly sealed containers are crucial for protecting your ammunition from moisture.
- Exposure to Sunlight and UV Radiation: Direct sunlight can degrade the powder and casing materials, reducing performance and increasing the risk of malfunctions.
3. Manufacturing Quality:
The quality of the ammunition itself plays a significant role in its shelf life. Reputable manufacturers use high-quality components and rigorous quality control measures, resulting in ammunition with a longer lifespan.
4. Storage Container:
The type of container used for storage significantly impacts the ammunition's longevity. Airtight, moisture-proof containers are essential for protecting ammunition from the elements. Using desiccants in your storage containers can also help maintain low humidity levels.
Signs of Ammunition Degradation
Knowing how to identify degraded ammunition is essential for safety. Look out for these signs:
- Corrosion: Rust or pitting on the casing is a clear indicator of degradation.
- Powder Degradation: Changes in the powder's appearance, such as clumping, discoloration, or a noticeable odor, suggest deterioration.
- Primer Deterioration: A weak or unresponsive primer is a serious safety concern. While not visually evident, it becomes apparent upon firing.
- Case Swelling: Bulging or swelling of the cartridge case indicates pressure issues and should be considered a major red flag.
Best Practices for Ammunition Storage
To maximize the shelf life and safety of your ammunition:
- Store in a Cool, Dry Place: Avoid basements, attics, and garages that are subject to temperature fluctuations and moisture.
- Use Airtight Containers: Sealed containers made of plastic or metal are ideal.
- Consider Desiccants: Silica gel packets or other desiccants absorb moisture and help maintain a low humidity level inside the storage container.
- Rotate Your Stock: Use older ammunition first to ensure it doesn't sit in storage for extended periods.
- Avoid Stacking Ammunition: Allow for proper air circulation around the cartridges.
When to Discard Ammunition
If you suspect that your ammunition is degraded, it's best to err on the side of caution. Discard ammunition that shows any signs of corrosion, powder degradation, or primer deterioration. Never attempt to fire ammunition that is suspected to be compromised. Contact your local law enforcement agency or a licensed firearms dealer for guidance on proper disposal procedures. Safety should always be your top priority.
Conclusion
Understanding how ammunition degrades and implementing proper storage techniques is crucial for maintaining the reliability and safety of your firearms and ammunition. By following the guidelines outlined in this guide, you can extend the shelf life of your ammunition and ensure its safe and dependable performance. Remember, responsible gun ownership involves not only proper use but also the careful storage and maintenance of your ammunition.
