Identifying old double barrel shotguns can be a fascinating journey into firearms history, but it requires careful observation and a bit of detective work. This guide will equip you with the knowledge to differentiate antique shotguns from more modern models and even help pinpoint potential makers and eras. Remember, always prioritize safety. Never handle a firearm unless you are properly trained and understand basic gun safety procedures.
Understanding the Clues: External Examination
The exterior of a double barrel shotgun reveals a wealth of information about its age and origin. Here's what to look for:
1. The Proof Marks: A Telltale Sign
Proof marks are stamps or markings indicating the gun has passed safety tests. These vary significantly by country and era. British proof marks, for instance, are often found on the barrels and may include crown symbols and letters indicating the testing location and date. Belgian proof marks are similarly intricate and can be highly indicative of the gun's origin and manufacturing period. Researching specific proof marks requires dedicated resources and guides focused on firearms proof marks.
2. The Barrel Construction: Damascus, Fluid Steel, or Modern Steel?
The type of barrel steel provides a strong indicator of age.
- Damascus barrels: These are easily identified by their distinctive swirling patterns created by welding together different steel strips. Damascus barrels are found on very old shotguns and are generally considered less safe for modern use due to their inherent weaknesses.
- Fluid steel barrels: These barrels were a significant improvement over Damascus, offering greater strength and reliability. While still found on older shotguns, they are a step towards modern manufacturing techniques.
- Modern steel barrels: These typically lack the distinct visual patterns of Damascus and fluid steel barrels and are usually more uniformly colored.
3. The Action: Boxlock vs. Sidelock
The type of action (how the barrels and receiver connect) offers another significant clue:
- Boxlock: A boxlock action features a concealed locking mechanism inside a box-like receiver. These are generally later designs than sidelocks.
- Sidelock: A sidelock action has its locking mechanisms visible on the sides of the receiver. Sidelocks are typically found on older, higher-grade shotguns, often with more intricate engraving.
4. The Wood and Finish: Signs of Age and Craftsmanship
- Stock and Forend: Examine the wood type, its condition, and the finish. Older shotguns might show signs of wear, scratches, or variations in the wood grain. The finish itself can be a clue—check for cracks, wear, or the presence of original lacquer or varnish.
- Checkering: The pattern of checkering on the stock and forend can be a distinctive feature and provide clues about the gun's origin and quality.
Beyond the Surface: Further Identification Techniques
After the initial visual inspection, further investigation can help narrow down the shotgun's identity:
1. The Serial Number: A Key to the Manufacturer
Locate the serial number, usually found on the underside of the receiver or on the barrel flats. This number, combined with research into gun manufacturer records (often available online or through specialized forums), can help pinpoint the maker and approximate year of manufacture.
2. Engraving and Markings: Identifying the Maker
Examine the shotgun for any maker's marks, model names, or other engravings. These markings can be crucial for identification and are often indicative of the gun's origin and quality.
3. Consult Experts: Seek Professional Guidance
If you encounter difficulties in identifying your shotgun, consider consulting with experienced gunsmiths, antique firearm appraisers, or members of collector's clubs specializing in double barrel shotguns.
Conclusion: Respecting the History
Identifying old double barrel shotguns is a rewarding process. By combining careful observation with diligent research, you can uncover the fascinating history behind these firearms. Remember to handle all firearms responsibly and safely. This guide is intended to provide information; it should not replace professional assessment when dealing with antique firearms.
