The .38 Super Auto, often shortened to .38 Super, is a powerful and historically significant pistol cartridge. While less common than some of its contemporaries, it retains a dedicated following among enthusiasts who appreciate its performance and unique characteristics. This article will explore the history, specifications, uses, and comparisons of the .38 Super.
History of the .38 Super
Developed by Colt in the late 1920s, the .38 Super was designed as a high-velocity, high-power cartridge for use in their then-new Colt Model 1911 pistol. The original intention was to create a round that outperformed the .38 ACP, offering superior stopping power while remaining manageable in a semi-automatic pistol. This objective was successfully achieved, leading to the .38 Super's adoption by law enforcement and civilian shooters. While it wasn't as widely adopted as the 9mm Parabellum, its reputation for accuracy and power solidified its place in firearms history.
Specifications and Ballistics
The .38 Super is a bottlenecked cartridge, meaning the case narrows near the bullet. This design contributes to its high velocity. Here are some key specifications:
- Caliber: .38 inch (9.02 mm)
- Case Type: Bottlenecked
- Rimmed/Rimless: Rimless
- Typical Bullet Weight: 115-130 grains
- Muzzle Velocity: Typically ranges from 1100 to 1300 feet per second (fps), depending on the firearm, barrel length, and ammunition load.
The high velocity and relatively heavy bullet weight combine to deliver significant stopping power, making the .38 Super an effective cartridge for self-defense and target shooting.
Uses of the .38 Super
The .38 Super's uses have evolved over time, but it remains popular for several applications:
- Self-Defense: The cartridge's high velocity and substantial stopping power make it a viable option for personal protection. However, modern alternatives often offer similar performance with less recoil.
- Competition Shooting: The .38 Super's accuracy and consistent performance have led to its use in various shooting competitions, particularly those involving 1911-style pistols.
- Hunting (Small Game): While not a primary hunting round, the .38 Super is sufficient for small game hunting at close range.
.38 Super vs. Other Cartridges
Comparing the .38 Super to other popular cartridges is crucial for understanding its strengths and weaknesses:
- .38 Super vs. 9mm Parabellum: The 9mm Parabellum generally offers higher capacity magazines and milder recoil, making it more suitable for rapid-fire situations. The .38 Super offers slightly more stopping power but at the cost of increased recoil.
- .38 Super vs. .45 ACP: The .45 ACP provides significantly more stopping power but with considerably more recoil and lower velocity. The .38 Super offers a balance between power and manageable recoil.
Ultimately, the "best" cartridge depends on the individual's needs and preferences.
Finding .38 Super Ammunition
While not as ubiquitous as some other calibers, .38 Super ammunition is readily available from various manufacturers. However, it's often advisable to check availability with local gun shops or online retailers before making a purchase.
Conclusion
The .38 Super, despite its age, remains a relevant and capable cartridge. Its history, performance characteristics, and unique niche within the firearms world ensure its continued presence among enthusiasts and collectors. While not the most common cartridge, its power and accuracy make it a worthy contender for self-defense, competition shooting, and other specialized applications. Ultimately, its suitability depends on the individual's needs and priorities.
