Choosing the right shot size for turkey hunting is crucial for a successful hunt. While a 12-gauge shotgun offers versatility, selecting the appropriate shot size depends heavily on your hunting style and the range to your target. This guide will break down the options and help you make the best decision.
Understanding Shot Sizes and Their Effectiveness
Shotgun shot sizes are numbered inversely; smaller numbers indicate larger pellets. For turkey hunting, you'll primarily consider these options:
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#4 Shot: This is a popular all-around choice, offering a good balance between pattern density and penetration. It's effective at moderate ranges (up to 40 yards) and works well for both head and body shots.
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#5 Shot: Slightly smaller than #4, #5 shot provides a denser pattern, making it ideal for longer ranges (up to 40 yards). However, it may lack the stopping power of #4 at closer ranges.
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#6 Shot: This size offers the densest pattern of the three, making it suitable for even longer ranges (up to 40 yards, but potentially effective out to 45 yards with specialized loads and chokes). However, it sacrifices some penetration compared to larger shot sizes.
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Larger Shot Sizes (#2, #3): These are generally not recommended for turkey hunting unless you're exceptionally close to the bird due to the risk of excessive damage and reduced pellet count.
Factors Influencing Shot Size Selection
Beyond the inherent characteristics of each shot size, several other factors significantly influence your decision:
1. Range to Target:
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Close-range shots (under 20 yards): #4 shot generally performs well.
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Moderate ranges (20-40 yards): #4 or #5 shot is appropriate, depending on your confidence in your shooting abilities and choke choice.
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Long-range shots (over 40 yards): #6 shot with a specialized long-range turkey load and an extra-full choke might be considered, but success is less guaranteed. Improving your shooting skills and getting closer is generally a better strategy.
2. Choke Tube:
The choke tube significantly impacts shot pattern density. For turkey hunting, you'll almost always want a full or extra-full choke to maximize pellet concentration. A poorly fitting choke, regardless of size, will severely impact your effective range.
3. Ammunition Type:
Turkey loads are specifically designed with higher pellet counts and harder shot to provide optimal lethality. Look for loads specifically marked as "turkey loads" or containing copper-plated shot for improved penetration.
4. Hunting Style:
If you predominantly hunt from blinds, where you have more time to aim at longer distances, #5 or #6 shot could be justifiable. However, if you're hunting in more open areas requiring quicker shots, #4 shot might be preferred.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Shot Size
For most turkey hunters, #4 shot remains a highly effective all-around choice. It balances penetration and pattern density, offering reliable performance at moderate ranges. If you regularly encounter longer shots or favor a denser pattern, #5 shot is a viable alternative. #6 shot should only be used with careful consideration of range, choke, and ammunition. Remember that shot placement is paramount; even the best shot size won't compensate for poor aiming. Practice regularly to hone your skills and maximize your success in the field.
